Technique H86:Providing text alternatives for ASCII art, emoticons, and leetspeak
Applicability
HTML and XHTML
This technique relates to 1.1.1: Non-text Content (Sufficient).
Description
Before graphics became widely used on the internet, ASCII characters were often arranged to form pictures or graphs. Although ASCII art is not used frequently on the Web anymore, it must be remembered that, when it is used, it is very confusing to people who are blind and accessing the internet using screen readers. If it is used it should also have a text explanation of what the picture is. It is also suggested that there be a link to skip over the ASCII art (although this is not required).
Emoticons are very popular. They include ASCII characters that form facial expressions and other ways to communicate an emotion. They can be confusing for screen reader users. When possible it is better simply to use a word like "smile" instead of an emoticon. But if emoticons are used they should have a text alternative. In some contexts, blog and forum software for example, plug-ins are available that automatically convert ASCII characters used as emoticons into HTML images with text alternatives.
Leetspeak uses various combinations of characters, including numerals and special characters, to replace standard characters. Leet has become a part of Internet culture and slang. Leet is frequently used to beat text and spam filters. It is often incomprehensible to blind people using screen readers, and therefore requires a text alternative in order to conform to Success Criteria 1.1.1.
Because support for this technique is limited, it is recommended that authors provide the text alternative in text.
Examples
Example 1
The following shows three options for providing alternatives for an emoticon representing "fright," which is made out of an equal sign followed by the number eight, a hyphen and the number zero.
=8-0 (fright)
<abbr title="fright">=8-0</abbr>
<img src="fright.gif" alt="fright"/>
Example 2
Here is ASCII art with an explanation of the picture preceding it. It includes a link to skip over the ASCII art. Skip ASCII example.
Figure 1: ASCII art picture of a butterfly.
<a href="#skipbutterfly">Skip ASCII image</a>
LLLLLLLLLLL
__LLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
_LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
_LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
L _LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LL LLLLLL~~~LLLLLLLLLLLLLL
_L _LLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL
L~ LLL~ LLLLLLLLLLLLL
LL _LLL _LL LLLLLLLL
LL LL~ ~~ ~LLLLLL
L _LLL_LLLL___ _LLLLLL
LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLL
L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL
LL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLL~
LLLLLLLL_______ L _LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLL
~~~~~~~LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL~ LLLLLL
______________LLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL ______LLLLLLLLL_
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLL~~LLLLLLL~~~~~~ ~LLLLLL
___LLLLLLLLLL __LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL____ _LLLLLL_
LLLLLLLLLLL~~ LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL ~~~LLLLL
__LLLLLLLLLLL _LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL_ LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL_ LLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLL~ LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL ~L ~~LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLL
_LLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL_ LL LLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLL~LLLLLL~L LL ~~~~~ ~LLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLL__L LLLLLLLLLLLL_LLLLLLL LL_ LL_ _ LLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL~ ~LLLLLLLL~~LLLLLLLL ~L ~LLLL ~L LLLLLL~
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL _LLLLLLLLLL LL LLLLLLL___ LLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LL~LLLLLLLL~ LL LLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLL~
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL_ __L _L LLLLLLLL LLL_ LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL L~ LLLLLLLL LLLLLLL~LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL~
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL___L_ LL LLLLLLL LLLL LLLLLLLLLLLLLL
~~LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL LLLLL~ LLLLL ~~~~~~~~~
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL_ _ LLL _LLLLL
~~~~~~LLLLLLLLLL~ LLLLLL
LLLLL _LLLLLL
LLLLL L L LLLLLLL
LLLLL__LL _L__LLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLL LLLLLLLLLLLL
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
~LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL~~
LLLLLLLLLLLLL
~~~~~~~~~
<a name="skipbutterfly"></a>
Example 3
The following is Leetspeak for "Austin Rocks".
<abbr title="Austin Rocks">Au5t1N r0xx0rz</abbr>
Tests
Procedure
- Open the page in a common browser.
- Check to see that the content contains ASCII art, emoticons and/or leetspeak.
- Check that there is a text alternative immediately before or after all ASCII art, emoticons and/or Leetspeak.
Expected Results
- Test procedure #3 is true.